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Hello Subscriber,
In general, a rectangular-shaped pulse can be defined in the time domain, frequency domain, spatial domain, or spatial frequency domain. The choice of how to set up the simulation is always up to the user.
Based on the context of your problem, I believe that defining the signal in the time domain is the most relevant approach. Please refer to the article Creating a custom source time signal for an FDTD source, which provides an example of how to set a user-defined time profile for the signal.
Please note that simulating an exact rectangular pulse signal in the time domain using FDTD can present challenges due to the sharp edges of the time profile. I recommend starting your simulation with a standard pulse and then modifying it to evaluate the impact of a rectangular signal shape.
Additionally, you could potentially estimate the system's time-domain response to a rectangular time signal using the convolution technique. For more details, refer to to Impulse Analysis - Calculating the response to an arbitrary time signal using the impulse response.
Best regards,
Kirill