Hello, thank you for your reply. I have a question: the method for calculating the geometric stiffness matrix described in Section 3.4 "Stress Stiffening" of the ANSYS help documentation is consistent with the literature by Bathe et al., which leads to the presence of "zero" elements in the calculated results. Could you clarify how the APDL method you mentioned derives the geometric stiffness matrix using numerical integration? We found that the formulas derived in Section 3.5 "Linear Buckling Analysis" of the material provided by Borst, "Non‐Linear Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Structures," are exactly the same as those provided by Bathe et al.
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