{"id":398168,"date":"2024-12-21T08:15:40","date_gmt":"2024-12-21T08:15:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/innovationspace.ansys.com\/forum\/forums\/topic\/residual-convergence-challenges-for-liquid-fraction-in-wet-steam-ejector-flows\/"},"modified":"2024-12-21T08:20:31","modified_gmt":"2024-12-21T08:20:31","slug":"residual-convergence-challenges-for-liquid-fraction-in-wet-steam-ejector-flows","status":"publish","type":"topic","link":"https:\/\/innovationspace.ansys.com\/forum\/forums\/topic\/residual-convergence-challenges-for-liquid-fraction-in-wet-steam-ejector-flows\/","title":{"rendered":"Residual Convergence Challenges for Liquid Fraction in Wet Steam Ejector Flows"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-size: 14pt;&#8221;&gt;<strong>&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;Residual Convergence Challenges for Liquid Fraction in Wet Steam Ejector Flows&lt;\/span&gt;<\/strong>&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-size: 14pt;&#8221;&gt;<a><\/a>&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;I am currently conducting a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of wet steam flow through a Sriveerakul nozzle. The following boundary conditions have been specified:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221; style=&#8221;mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; margin: 0in -31.5pt 0in .25in;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-size: 14pt;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;line-height: 107%; font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;<strong>&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;Multiphase Model Type&lt;\/span&gt;<\/strong>&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;: the built-in wet steam model&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221; style=&#8221;mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; margin: 0in -31.5pt 0in .25in;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-size: 14pt;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;line-height: 107%; font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;<strong>&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;Turbulence Model&lt;\/span&gt;<\/strong>&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;: k &ndash; &omega; SST&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221; style=&#8221;mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; margin: 0in -31.5pt 0in .25in;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-size: 14pt;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;line-height: 107%; font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;<strong>&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;Primary Inlet&lt;\/span&gt;<\/strong>&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;: Pressure inlet at 198,665 Pa, temperature at 393.15 K, and a liquid mass fraction of 0.1%&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221; style=&#8221;mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; margin: 0in -31.5pt 0in .25in;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-size: 14pt;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;line-height: 107%; font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;<strong>&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;Secondary Inlet&lt;\/span&gt;<\/strong>&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;: Pressure inlet at 1,228.18 Pa, temperature at 283.15 K, and a liquid mass fraction of 0.1%&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221; style=&#8221;mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; margin: 0in -31.5pt 0in .25in;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-size: 14pt;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;line-height: 107%; font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;<strong>&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;Outlet&lt;\/span&gt;<\/strong>&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;: Pressure outlet at 3,000 Pa, temperature at 283.15 K, and a liquid mass fraction of 0.0%&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221; style=&#8221;mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; margin: 0in -31.5pt 0in .25in;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-size: 14pt;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;line-height: 107%; font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;<strong>&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;Spatial Discretization&lt;\/span&gt;<\/strong>&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;: second-order upwind schemes for momentum and energy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221; style=&#8221;mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; margin: 0in -31.5pt 0in .25in;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-size: 14pt;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;line-height: 107%; font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;<strong>&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;Pressure-Velocity Coupling Method&lt;\/span&gt;<\/strong>&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;: Coupled&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221; style=&#8221;mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; margin: 0in -31.5pt 0in .25in;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-size: 14pt;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;line-height: 107%; font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;<strong>&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;Initialization&lt;\/span&gt;<\/strong>&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;: hybrid initialization&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221; style=&#8221;mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; margin: 0in -31.5pt 0in .25in;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-size: 14pt;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;line-height: 107%; font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;<strong>&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;Mesh Type:&lt;\/span&gt;<\/strong>&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt; structured&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221; style=&#8221;mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; margin: 0in -31.5pt 0in .25in;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-size: 14pt;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;line-height: 107%; font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;<strong>&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;Mesh Quality:&lt;\/span&gt;<\/strong>&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt; Max skewness 0.36, Min orthogonality 0.84&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; margin: 0in -31.5pt 8.0pt .25in;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-size: 14pt;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;line-height: 107%; font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;<strong>&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt;Refinement near critical regions&lt;\/span&gt;<\/strong>&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bookmark: _Hlk185672037;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&#8221;&gt; (nozzle throat, shock regions, wall boundaries)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;font-size: 14pt;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;line-height: 107%; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;&#8221;&gt;Despite using these conditions, the residuals for the liquid mass fraction have not converged. I would greatly appreciate any insights into potential reasons for this lack of convergence and suggestions on how to achieve a stable solution for the liquid mass fraction in wet steam simulations.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-398168","topic","type-topic","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Residual Convergence Challenges for Liquid Fraction in Wet Steam Ejector FlowsI am currently conducting a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of wet steam flow through a Sriveerakul nozzle. 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