{"id":375611,"date":"2024-08-02T18:01:53","date_gmt":"2024-08-02T18:01:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/innovationspace.ansys.com\/forum\/forums\/reply\/375611\/"},"modified":"2024-08-02T18:01:53","modified_gmt":"2024-08-02T18:01:53","slug":"375611","status":"publish","type":"reply","link":"https:\/\/innovationspace.ansys.com\/forum\/forums\/reply\/375611\/","title":{"rendered":"Reply To: How to improve the convergence of the EWF model?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&lt;p&gt;Here are some details and questions from the researcher in my group who is struggling with the EWF model. Can you please provide suggestions on how to move forward to get a physically realistic converged solution?&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;========================&lt;start of text from researcher&gt;=================================&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;EWF Model Notes&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Main problem: Non-physical temperatures (above the inlet temperature) appear in the domain, near the inlet, near the cooled wall on which the film is located. The solution converges with these non-physical temperatures. If the temperature is limited to just above the inlet temperature, the solution does not converge.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Model Options and Setup:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Solve Momentum, Energy, Phase Coupling&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Solving Momentum Equation (not analytical solution)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Gravity Force, Surface Shear Force enabled&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Phase change enabled, film vapor material is water-vapor, film material is water-liquid&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Solution Method and Control:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Time: Second Order Implicit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Continuity, Momentum, Energy: Second Order Upwind&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;o&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Note: First Order Upwind did not improve results&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Adaptive Time Stepping:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;o&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Max CFL: 0.05&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo2;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&sect;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Anything above this is unstable&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;o&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Initial Time Step: 0.0005 [s]&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;o&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Increase Factor: 1.1&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;o&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Decrease Factor: 1.2&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;o&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Subiteration Stop: 1e-08&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;o&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Sub-Iterations: 5-10&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Maximum Thickness: 0.02 [m]&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Continuity and Momentum Coupling: Coupled Solution&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Wall Film Options:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Boundary Type: initial condition (Film Thickness: 0 [m], Film Velocity (X, Y, Z): &lt;0, 0, 0&gt; [m\/s], Film Temperature: same is inlet temperature.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Flow Momentum coupling engaged&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Phase Change Enabled, using wall-boundary-layer model&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Domain:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Domain is initialized without EWF model engaged, with CFL=200, default under-relaxation then EWF model is turned on and CFL and under-relaxation factors are lowered.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;With EWF on:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Scheme: SIMPLEC&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;o&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Coupled scheme produces instabilities in film thickness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Pressure: Second Order&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Momentum, TKE, SDR, Species, Energy: Second Order Upwind&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Pseudo-Time CFL: 1-5 (increasing past 5 produces instabilities in film thickness)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Under-relaxation: h20 = 0.99&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Under-relaxation: energy = 0.2-0.5&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;o&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Higher under-relaxation produces instabilities when the film is forming&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;o&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Under-relaxation of energy can be increased (up to 0.99) after the film thickness has progressed down the entire domain&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&#8221; style=&#8221;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#8216;Courier New&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;o&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Low under-relaxation (e.g. 0.001-0.1) does not improve convergence of results.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Mesh:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraph&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;&middot;&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Current mesh has wall-adjacent cell size of 1e-04 [m]. K-omega SST model is used. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Theory:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;In the theory manual, Chapter 18.2.1.6 &lsquo;Coupling of Wall Film with Mixture Species Transport&rsquo; indicates the various available transport models. Currently, we are using the wall boundary layer model as it best matches the approach we wish to take. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Chapter 18.2.1.6 redirects us to Chapter 12.9.5.2 &lsquo;Mass Transfer from the Film&rsquo; for the wall boundary layer model, which is in the Lagrangian Wall-Film Model Theory chapter. However, the exact subsection dealing with the wall boundary layer model is not indicated.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;We believe that Chapter 12.9.5.2.2 Film Condensation is the subsection that corresponds to the wall boundary layer model based on its content. <strong>Is this correct?<\/strong>&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;Chapter 12.9.5.2.2 begins with Fick&rsquo;s law for determining the condensation rate, however, it then presents a different method where the mass fraction is integrated and mass transfer coefficients are used. For turbulent flow, it is indicated that the mass transfer coefficient is determined via wall functions from equation 4-341 (an equation that gives the law of the wall for species transport).&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;-&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;<strong>&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;What is the rationale for moving from Fick&rsquo;s Law to a mass-transfer coefficient approach?&lt;\/span&gt;<\/strong>&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;-&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;<strong>&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;How does equation 4-341 determine the film mass-transfer coefficient for turbulent flow? No mass transfer coefficient is evident in the equation.&lt;\/span&gt;<\/strong>&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&#8221; style=&#8221;text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6;&#8221;&gt;&lt;!&#8211; [if !supportLists]&#8211;&gt;&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221; style=&#8221;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&#8221;&gt;&lt;span style=&#8221;mso-list: Ignore;&#8221;&gt;-&lt;span style=&#8221;font: 7.0pt &#8216;Times New Roman&#8217;;&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;!&#8211;[endif]&#8211;&gt;<strong>&lt;span lang=&#8221;EN-CA&#8221;&gt;When the domain is turbulent, does the model change its approach when the viscous sublayer is resolved (i.e. wall y+ &lt;=1)? &lt;\/span&gt;<\/strong>&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;========================&lt;end of text from researcher&gt;=================================&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&#8221;MsoNormal&#8221;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-375611","reply","type-reply","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Here are some details and questions from the researcher in my group who is struggling with the EWF model. 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Can you please provide suggestions on how to move forward to get a physically realistic converged solution?=========================================================EWF Model NotesMain problem: Non-physical temperatures (above the inlet temperature) appear in"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"375611","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"content","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":true,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"created":"2024-10-28 16:34:25","updated":"2026-09-08 07:20:04","ai":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/innovationspace.ansys.com\/forum\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\tReply To: How to improve the convergence of the EWF model?\n\t\t<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/innovationspace.ansys.com\/forum"},{"label":"Reply To: How to improve the convergence of the EWF model?","link":"https:\/\/innovationspace.ansys.com\/forum\/forums\/reply\/375611\/"}],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/innovationspace.ansys.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/replies\/375611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/innovationspace.ansys.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/replies"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/innovationspace.ansys.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/reply"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/innovationspace.ansys.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/replies\/375611\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/innovationspace.ansys.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=375611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}