Rob
Forum Moderator
You'll be showing the effect of conduction and near wall cell. Display temperature on the top wall only with node values off: that'll be the wall temperature. The boundary value is assigned to the boundary, but the contour will be showing the near wall cell value by default.nThe residuals are a function of the sum of the errors. It's common for them to not drop cleanly throughout the solution as the solver alters cell values as a result of the iterative process. nI'm a little surprised that removing the pipe stubs had that much of an effect. But, if that's improved the mesh and/or boundary settings it could easily explain it.