When two or more radiating elements are operated in close proximity to one another, the interference of their radiated fields can become a major factor in determining their collective radiation pattern. Antenna engineers leverage this fact to their advantage by creating antenna arrays — collections of proximate antennas that are designed to operate cohesively to produce a desired pattern of radiation. In this module, our focus will be primarily on linear arrays, where the elements are arranged along a single dimension. We will also briefly look at planar arrays, which consist of a 2D grid of radiating elements